Joao Vieira attends the Adria Winter Trophy

Three weeks after the last appointment of Italian F.4 Championship powered by Abarth, Joao Vieira is ready to get back at the wheel of his Tatuus #28, for the 2014 Winter Trophy  in the Adria International Raceway circuit.

For Joao, this is a return on the track of Rovigo: in June, the 2,702 meters have been for the 16-year-old Brazilian driver the scene of the first weekend of competition at the European and at the wheel of an open-wheel. The race will be the closing party of a growing season, which led him to fight quickly with the first of the class, gaining podiums and important points over seven rounds on the calendar. In these four months, the driver followed by Minardi Management has risen steeply in the starting grid, even touching pole-position and victory on several occasions. “Unfortunately, only the victory missed. It would be just the cherry on top. This weekend, however, is back on track“, Joao says satisfied. I close the season at Adria, just where four months ago I started this fantastic adventure. It will be the last event of the season at the wheel of an open-wheel, waiting to define 2015 plans. On November 23rd, in fact, I’ll fly to Las Vegas for the Supernationals Kart Race”. This is competition is considered the event of the year within the American karting, and the young driver has already won it. “I’ll try to hunt the encore“.

“We got to the last appointment of the season. The Winter Trophy of Adria is also the last chance for Joao to achieve a well-deserved victory, considering the significant growth, race after race, and the great feeling achieved with the team of Marco Antonelli and the features of this category. It will also be an opportunity to enrich his showcase with a great trophy. We are preparing to store a definitely positive season. Going on this way, also next year we will be able to fight constantly for winning right from the first races, whatever the championship will be”, the manager Giovanni Minardi says.

The event will involve motor racing and karting in the same circuit, where, for the first time, karting and Formula 4 will be busy live at the same time. This year, WSK Final Cup stops in the brand-new Raceway Karting circuit of Adria. Races program focuse on the two days of Saturday and Sunday, November 1st and 2nd, after the series of free practice tests, that are scheduled on Friday, October 31st. Each of the two days includes warm-up and Qualifying in the morning, followed by the race in the afternoon, based on the usual 28’ plus one lap. The new open-wheel will be the queen of a weekend that, together with 500 Abarth Trophy, will also host Touring and GT races, classified as Adria Trophy, and F.2 races of the Italian Trophy.

FIA WEC – Davide Rigon flies to Shanghai, scene of the first victory in World Championship

Being confident of the one-two won in Japan, along with team-mate James Calado and AF Corse’s mates, Davide Rigon is ready to get back at the wheel of the Ferrari 458 GTE-PRO #71, for 6 Hours of Shanghai, scene of the sixth round of FIA WEC World Championship.

For Rigon, this will be a return on the 5,451 meters of the Chinese circuit (also scene of F1 World Championship), where a year ago he won the first seal in FIA World Endurance Championship, with a victory in 8Star Motorsport’s colours, on Ferrari in GTE-AM category. Thanks to that success, and other podium placements, the 27-year-old from Thiene contributed significantly to winning the titles of Team, for 8Star Motorsport, and Constructors, for Ferrari.

With the second place at 6 Hours of Fuji, Rigon and Calado raised steeply in ranking, entering the Top-10 and strengthening Ferrari’s leadership among Constructors. “I have to say that China has always brought me good luck. Last year, I celebrated the first victory in World Championship, while in 2008 I won the title in Superleague Formula, with the colours of Beijing Guoan“, Davide Rigon says, flying to the Republic of China. “The One-two and podium gave us not only awareness of working in the right direction but also great drive in view of championship’s end”. After Shanghai, FIA WEC Circus will move to Bahrain (November 15th) and Brazil (November 30th) for the grand finale.

In Qualifying we could give up something to opponents, recovering then in race pace. Both my team-mate and I, we’re rookies in the leading class and we’re called to do our part, in order to win and confirm Ferrari’s title. We finally got to race on tracks that are already known to me, and this can be translated into an advantage. Moreover, Shanghai“, Davide concludes, “is the last less favourable track for our car”.

Gian Carlo Minardi "Exciting season for Formula 4. Ending with F.3 European is amazing”

At the Enzo and Dino Ferrari circuit in Immolate the curtain goes down over the first season of Formula 4, achieving resounding success thanks to a constant participation of 20 cars in the seven rounds – from Adria to Imola – that have enlivened the calendar with 28 drivers in all at the wheel of Tatuus T014, coming from 14 countries and 4 different continents. “The season of the Tricolored F.4 is a positive sign. We had an absolute leader with Stroll, who was awarded of important points right from the early appointments, demonstrating a highly professional approach for this innovative formula“, Gian Carlo Minardi says. “The opponents, however, are not missed, thanks to our young Drudi – Russo – Pulcini, covering the role of the first actors in particular in the last rounds“.

The thoughts have already turned to next season, when also other Nations will bring to the track the F.4 Championship. “On this drive, we have to work to form the generational change, both in view of the next step (F.3 European) and for this preparatory formula itself. We has been the first to believe in this new reality, bringing it on track and the results have proved us right. With the arrival of other championships, it won’t be be easy to keep the lead, but with the help of WSK and all the staff of ACI-Sport will ride this success. As ACI, this championship has been our flagship“, the manager from Faenza comments.

The public response has been interesting, thanks to races full of overtakings and to the “Paddock Free” initiative, implemented by Italian Federation. “The audience gave a strong signal, wanting to get closer to the preparatory formulas for an introduction to the champions of tomorrow. We want to bring the fans back to the racetrack, to let them experience the racing weekend as a country outing with the whole family“.

The focus is racing program. At Imola, the young F.4 drivers have shared track and paddock with the Italian GT and European Formula 3, in order to pass the baton with two formulas, that are placed on the central axis of International Car Racing. “The spectacular nature of races plays certainly a crucial role in getting closer. The home-races of the Italian GT, which has seen a grid of nearly 24 cars per event, will end only with the last race in Monza with 3-4 teams still fighting for the title. Then, we had first contact with the “elder sister” European F.3 that, only in the last manche won by Max Verstappen, consecrated the Prema driver Esteban Ocon with our standard bearer Antonio Fuoco and AntonioGiovinazzi to complete the podium. For our F.4 rookie-drivers, this has been the opportunity to see first-hand the natural continuation of their career“.

A European F.3 that has returned to its past glories and benchmark for Circus’ Team Principals. Max Verstappen will make the leap to the top serie already next year, wearing the colors of Scuderia Toro Rosso, while Ocon will be at the wheel of Ferrari at Fiorano and of Lotus E20 at Jerez. “It seems to me to go back to the ’80s, when the hierarchy was formed by F3-F2-F1. At Imola we had a grid composed of 28 Dallata F3, even with 14 cars in 9 tenths. Thanks to Gerhard Berger and to FIA, this championship is finding again the glories of the past, acting as a real springboard, more than other categories“. On the agenda, there’s already the creation of a new intermediate category between F3 and F1. “In International Federation thoughts there’s a new Formula 2, which could reopen the scenarios that have written the history of Car Racing“, Minardi analyzes.

FIA WEC – Second place in FIA WEC World Championship for Davide Rigon at the 6 Hours of Fuji. He completes Ferrari's double.

At Fuji circuit, before an audience of over 50,000 spectators, Davide Rigon (together with the team-mate James Calado), won with full rights the podium goal, thanks to a peremptory second place in the FIA WEC World Championship, behind only the twin car #51.

After taking the right confidence with the 4,563 meters of the Japanese track during free practice sessions, Davide and James have placed the Ferrari 458 GTE-Pro #71 in the fourth place of Qualifying and before the Ferrari team-mates and standings’ leaders, Bruni and Vilander, to close the sixth hour of race with the second step of the podium and the best result of the season, giving to AF Corse team and Ferrari both an important and amazing double. Thanks to this proof of strength, the racing team of Maranello lengthens in the Constructors’ standings, bringing its reward to 200 points, before its direct opponents of Aston Martin, stopped at 171 points. “It’s been a hard-fought race right from the beginning; we’ve done a great team job. We’ve been able to express our potential as much as we could, on a track that I already knew, having attended the round of last season, that was canceled due to bad weather, after a few passes”, Davide Rigon says, coming back from Japan.

After driven half a championship on circuits completely unknown to me, now we come on tracks already known. This may be transformed into an extra advantage, because some secrets are discovered only during the race. Going back to Fuji’s race, with the second place we’ve completed an excellent weekend, both for us of AFCorse and for Ferrari that consolidates the leadership among constructors “.

Important leap forward in standings also for the driver from Vicenza: “a podium that gives us awareness of working in the right direction and being entered in the top-10, among the best of championship“. A success dedicated to his friend Jules Bianchi, who right in Japan is fighting his most important battle after his terrible accident. “We are all with Jules. We want to dedicate this double 100% to him, hoping he’ll come back soon to drive “.

Finally, we’ve seen the potential of Davide in the World Championship. Till today, unfortunately, he wasn’t able to express himself at 100%, for lack of knowledge of tracks and for some technical problems. On the first occasion, however, he succeeded brilliantly. I am sure we’ll be competitive in all latest races, in order to help Ferrari, as protagonists, to win the Constructors’ title“, the manager Giovanni Minardi comments.
Next round of FIA WEC is scheduled for the 2nd of November in China, where there’ll be the 6 Hours of Shanghai.

F.4 – Joao Vieira greets the first season with the fastest lap at Imola

Standings in hand, love hasn’t blossomed between the Enzo and Dino Ferrari circuit and Joao Vieira, who ended his first season in formula and in the Italian F.4  Championship powered by Abarth, at Imola. Scene of the seventh and final round of the F.4 Tricolored, Imola has left, in a certain sense, a bitter taste in mouth of the young Brazilian driver of Antonelli Motorsport, that had to say goodbye to the paddock with only a reward of 5 points, which don’t reflect the true potential.

Author of a season gone from strength to strength, Joao ended the championship scoring the fastest lap in race-2 and the second in race-3, behind only the much more experienced French Maisano, demonstrating that even here there were all the conditions to do well. However, the first venture into the world of formulas ends with a total reward of 93 points, seventh place in general standings, two podiums thanks to third place in the demanding Mugello Circuit and second place in the “Temple of Speed” of Monza and different placements in score-zone.

Week-end that confirmed the leap seen in the last appointments. I’m very happy because he finally grasped the difficult track of Imola, scoring the fastest lap in race-2 and the second in race-3“, the Manager Giovanni Minardi says. “Unfortunately, he was marked by ups and down, together with misfortunes that have not allowed him to collect what he deserved. The potential would allow us to fight for victory in all three races, but a little bad luck and errors dictated by youth took us away the greatest satisfaction. It remains the awareness of having completed a season in crescendo. We got to fight with the best of the class and we are ready to challenge for the title of next season“, the manager of Minardi Management comments. “I conclude with congratulations to all staff of Marco Antonelli, who helped us to make great strides since first day of test“.

On the hand of result, it wasn’t the weekend I would have expected. There remains the consolation for having scored the fastest lap in race-2 and the second in the last race. Anyway, I’m happy with my progress in this season. I really learned a lot, both on track and at technical level. I came to fight with the first drivers, winning two podiums and several placements“, Joao Vieira says. “Now, we will decide the next programs“.

F.4 – “Home-race” for Joao Vieira at Imola

After fifteen days from the exciting weekend at Monza, Joao Vieira is ready to face the seventh and last round of the Italian F.4 Championship powered by Abarth at the Enzo and Dino Ferrari circuit in Imola.

Being confident of the second place won in the Temple of Speed and of many overtakings among the long straights of Brianza’s track, where he moved from twentieth position to podium’s area in less than 10 passes with a pace like first of the class, the Brazilian driver of Antonelli Motorsport is ready to fulfill his dream, going on the hunt for that victory, which still lacks him at the wheel of his Tatuus #28.  The Circus of Tricolored F.4, organized by ACI-CSAI, promoted by WSK Promotion and strongly supported by FIA, is back to the Enzo and Dino Ferrari circuit, after hosting its 20 pilots during the second round. “I’ll try to recover the re-match against Imola. I still have a score to settle“, Joao Vieira says, smiling. For the 16-year-old, in fact, the weekend at Imola was particularly unfortunate. “The track has some very challenging sections and I like it a lot. For the first time since the beginning of the season, we’re going to drive on a circuit that I already know. So, I can start like any other. After a difficult weekend at Imola, I entered regularly in score-zone, winning the podium with a third and second place at Mugello and Monza. Now only the victory is missing. I’d like to end the season with success, given that I’ll drive in front of my friends“. For Joao this will be the “home-race”, living a little more than half an hour from the track. Especially in Monza, my pace was constantly very fast, keeping pace with the top drivers of the standings. For a breath I also missed the pole“, the driver of Minardi Management concludes.

I’m really satisfied with Joao’s developments. Since the beginning of the season, he has improved steadily, coming to fight with the first drivers of the championship. At Monza, the result could be even more important, especially in the sprint race, where he became the protagonist of a sensational recovery. Now, back to Imola, to end as best as he can this first season between the open-wheel“, the manager Giovanni Minardi analyzes.

As usual, the program will start on Friday, with two turns of free practice sessions of 40′, that will lead the way to Qualifying, scheduled at 05:25 pm and 05.50 pm, for the two races of 28′ + 1 lap on Saturday (at 11:50 am) and Sunday (at 01:00 pm ). In the middle, the sprint race of 18′ + 1 lap (on Saturday at 05:10 pm).

FIA WEC – From Texas to Japan. Davide is ready for the 6 Hours of Fuji

From Texas to Japan. Davide Rigon is already flying to Fuji circuit, scene of the fifth round of FIA WEC World Championship. After the good race at the Circuit of the Americas in Austin, the talented driver from Vicenza is ready to return at the wheel of the Ferrari 458 #71 and continue on his way to win the titles of Constructors and Team, the main aims for Ferrari and AF Corse.

For Davide, this race won’t be his debut on the 4,563 meters of the Japanese track at the foot of Mount Fuji, having taken part in last season’s round with the colours of 8Star Motorsport. The weekend, however, was affected by bad weather and the race was cancelled after only 16 laps.

Half of the tracks on which I’ve driven till today were unknown to me and, therefore, I had to face one more difficulty. Finally, this weekend we get on a track on which I’ve already run a few kilometers, even if, unfortunately, a year ago I could put together only a few laps, because of the weather and race’s cancellation. I’m happy to be back to drive after the good results of Austin’s track and I’ll try to treasure the experience of last year”, Davide Rigon says, flying to Japan. “We hope to find a stable weekend on the front of weather conditions, in order to prepare the 6 Hours as best as we can. Our goal have to be the podium and, above all, to gain points in view of Constructors’ Championship”.

Reached the mid-season, Ferrari leads the standings with 157 points. “We enter in the second half of the championship and both my partner James Calado and I have gained a good experience with this car. We are ready for the new adventure”, Davide concludes.

Formula 4 and Formula 3 meet at Imola for the grand final

After the exciting weekend at Monza’s “Temple of Speed”, on 11th and 12th October the little champions of Italian F.4 Championship powered by Abarth are ready to do battle in another “Temple” of Motorsport: at Enzo and Dino Ferrari in Imola, that will be theater of the seventh and final round of the newborn category, as well as the first step after karting.

For the occasion, the 20 young drivers – aged between 14 and 16 – will share track and paddock with more experienced colleagues of F.3 FIA European that have also reached their last round of the season. A kind of passing the baton between the two FIA categories to growth and launch of new champions to Formula 1 and professionalism. At Monza we experienced three great races in which Italian National Anthem has been played three times and public’s response was really important, with principal areas crowded of fans of all ages”, Gian Carlo Minardi says. “Open Doors initiative starts giving its first results and this must be only the first step. We have to lead all fans to approach again and make them fall in love again. Imola will close the first season of Formula 4 – the category open to all guys coming from karting world – and the fight for second and third place is still to be played. In the same time, there’ll also be the end of F.3 FIA European, with opportunity to see in action Max Verstappen – next to debut in F1 – and our bishops Antonio Fuoco (Prema) and Antonio Giovinazzi (Carlin), together with the championship winner, Esteban Ocon.

There are all the ingredients to experience another thrilling weekend of motorsport. “I wait for you all at the Enzo and Dino Ferrari circuit in Imola, on 11th and 12th October“, the manager from Faenza concludes, “to attend the final rounds of Formula 4 and Formula 3“.

F.4 – Talented second place for Joao Vieira at Monza

Sixth round of the Italian F.4 Championship powered by Abarth, in the name of competitiveness for Joao Vieira, who wins an important second place in Race-3, in a weekend consistently in top positions.

Since free practice sessions, the young Brazilian of Antonelli Motorsport shows the good feeling get with the “Temple of Speed”, bringing his Tatuus #28 with constancy in the very first positions, signing the third fastest time with a handful of tenths off the pole, in both free practice sessions. Joao repeats himself, touching the second row in Qualifying with the third time (1’53.926), just 70 thousandths from the pole of the much more experienced Brandon Maisano.

In Race-3, satisfaction is great, with the achievement of the best result of the season with a peremptory second place. From his first passes, the 16-year-old steps heavily, keeping the tread rhythm. Even in the restart after the safety car, which entered the track on the first lap because of a contact at the start, he held his position trying to lunge. Given the expressed potential, reward could certainly be larger, especially for what has been showed during the sprint-race on Sunday morning. Having started from the last row for an accelerator problem in the first manche, the yellow-gold driver recovers in less than 18″ up to the third position, winning the audience’s applause and inflaming the wonderful public setting on the steps of Monza circuit. Only a contact in the last meters before chequered flag denies him the satisfaction of a deserved podium, closing only in seventh place.

I’m really happy for this second place and for my rhythm, throughout the weekend. Certainly, regret still remains for what happened in Race-2, where I lost a podium in the last few meters to avoid a driver who took me off the track. It’s been exciting to overtake many times in so few laps. After the third place at Mugello, now the second place has arrived. It only remains to win the victory“, Joao Vieira says smiling. “At Imola, in fifteen days, I’ll try to get my revenge“.

Manager Giovanni Minardi, who follows Joao’s development and career, is of the same mind. “I have absolutely to congratulate Joao both for his second place and for the rhythm of the whole weekend, as well as the entire Antonelli Motorsport team. Certainly, there’s regret for having seen fade, not our fault, a podium in Race-2 and a great comeback. Passing from 20P to 3P in less than 18″ is not bad for a beginner. It’s a pity, because we could make a bigger jump in overall standings. We still lack 2-3 tenths that we’ll try to erode in view of Imola“, the manager of Minardi Management analyzes.

Joao Vieira greets the penultimate race on the calendar with the sixth place in overall standings, waiting for the last round at Enzo and Dino Ferrari circuit, on 12th October.

FIA WEC – Points and podium rhythm for Davide Rigon at the 6 Hours of Austin

In Texas the curtain fell on the 6 Hours of Austin, the fourth round of the FIA Endurance World Championship, in which the changeable weather conditions were an important variable during the whole weekend.

At the wheel of the Ferrari 458 #71, the talented Venetian driver Davide Rigon, together with his team-mate James Calado, signed his debut on another circuit of an international character, putting himself on test along its 5,513 meters. Heavy rain and high air temperatures made even more demanding the endurance race, in which, however, David emerged, showing himself with lap times like the top of the class.

After about an hour and a half from the start, a strong storm made landfall on the American circuit, making the track impassable and forcing the race director to raise the red flag and suspend temporarily the race. At that point, the Venetian driver came into action instead of his friend James, using Wet tyres, bringing the Ferrari of AF Corse near to the podium, before giving the wheel up for the final stint, in the last hour and twenty minutes. Only one problem, yet to be verified, denies the satisfaction of the first seasonal podium, ending with a fifth placement. It’s been a really demanding weekend, from all points of view. The track is not easy, especially in the first part with many blind corners. In addition, the weather has done its part, with thunderstorms and an air temperature around 32°C“, Davide Rigon analyzes, on the way back from America. “During the free practice sessions, I studied the track, but discovering tricks only in race. I am very happy with my race rhythm, from podium like to the tops of the class, even in difficult wet conditions, in which we decided to take a risk with Wet compounds. I just regret for having missed out a podium in the last hour“, the Ferrari driver concludes. “Now my head is already to Japan“.

Next appointment is scheduled for the weekend of October 12th with the 6 Hours of Fuji, fifth round of the World Championship.

F.4 – Joao Vieira at Monza, thinking big

The Italian F.4 Championship powered by Abarth is getting ready for the sixth and penultimate round of the season at Monza.

Took the first contact with the fast Monza circuit, Joao Vieira is ready to gain the first win of the season, after having touched the pole in the last race at “Piero Taruffi” in Vallelunga. Once again, it will be a debut in a weekend race for the Brazilian of Antonelli Motorsport, on a track that does not need any introduction, as part of the history of Motorsport, with the unknowns of the first chicane, the two curves of Lesmo and the famous parabolic curve.

In the first five rounds, the development of the Brazilian counts 66 points and the seventh place in general raking, with the podium at Mugello and other important placements. From here until the end of the season, the goal is the highest step of the podium. The challenge is issued.

We arrive at Monza after the good results of Vallelunga and last weekend. Last week I had the opportunity to take the first contact with Monza. A really fast track, with several points to overtake. I can’t wait to be on track, but only on Friday we’ll understand what’s our potential“, Joao Vieira says.

After the test of last week, that goes pretty well, I am very optimistic in view of the weekend race, where we can finally play for the top step of the podium. If weather will assist us, we can experience an amazing show. In this last month and a half, Joao has worked hard, making a great difference in quality. It’s time to collect the important results. Fingers crossed“, the manager Giovanni Minardi comments.

As scheduled, the weekend will start on Friday, with two turns of free practice sessions, followed by Qualifying on Saturday 27th (11:50 am and 12:30 pm), to determine the starting grid of the two races (28′ + 1 lap), scheduled at 5:35 pm and 4:05 pm (on Sunday 28th). In the middle, the sprint race with 23 drivers, competing for 18′ + 1 lap.

F.4 – Joao Vieira studies the Temple of Speed

Study day for Joao Vieira in Monza, which is scene of the sixth and penultimate round of the Italian F.4 Championship powered by Abarth. The Brazilian driver has returned to work on his Tatuus #28 to start gaining confidence with the fast track of Monza, that hosted the champions of Formula 1 only a few weeks ago.

After placings with good points in the last rounds, the bearer of Antonelli Motorsport began approaching the weekend of September 27th – 28th scoring important results on track, leaving the Autodromo Internazionale with positive feelings. “It was a really important test day, in which I completed the entire program developed by the Antonelli Motorsport staff. The track is really very fast and amazing, and the weather helped us, giving me the opportunity to do several tests of set-up, as well as studying the ideal trajectories”, Joao Vieira says. “After coming really close to the first pole-position of the season at Vallelunga, I’ll try again within a week, right here at Monza. The latest results have confirmed that I’m on the right road. The goal is the highest step of the podium by the end of the Championship. It’s no use denying it. Reaching the podium at Monza would be great”, the driver of Minardi Management concludes.

There’s satisfaction also in the words of the manager, Giovanni Minardi: “If a good beginning bodes well, then in Monza we expect another good result. After becoming familiar with the layout and its fast 5.793 meters, Joao scored consistently excellent results on track, in spite of used tyres, remaining a handful of tenths off the best performance scored with new compounds. The weather helped us, because we had the opportunity to work with an air temperature of 21°C. Only at the end of the day came a bit of rain. Unfortunately, we had no chance to drive in Qualifying set-up, with new tyres. The results of Vallelunga showed that we are lacking very little to make the big jump. We have the first row and the victory in our sights”, Minardi concludes.

FIA WEC – Davide Rigon flies to Austin for the 6 Hours

Davide Rigon is ready to get back at the wheel of his Ferrari 458 #71, for the fourth round of the FIA World Endurance Championship. After three months from the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the World Championship par excellence in the Endurance category is preparing to turn on the engines and get to the heart, reaching the turning point of the season.

The stage is one of the important one. After England, Belgium and France, the Circus is ready to fly overseas, landing in Texas, in the brand new “Circuit of the Americas” of Austin – scene of Formula 1 Grand Prix from 2012 – for the 6 Hours.

This will be the debut for the test driver of Ferrari, along the  5.513 meters in which the German architect, Mr. Tilke, has designed twenty curves among the great differences in height; these curves together with the long straight of 1km will give several ideas for overtaking.

Finally back on track. It will be a circuit to be discovered, as well as my first race overseas in the World Championship and with these cars. I started to discover the layout on the simulator. Austin is a very demanding circuit, especially the first part, with many blind corners“, Davide Rigon comments. “The goals are important, because we want to confirm our position at the top Constructors and Team PRO ranking“. After the first three appointments, Ferrari and AF Corse respectively lead the Constructors ranking – with 135 points and before the opponents, Porsche and Aston Martin  – and the Team ranking. “The weather will be a variable to take into account. It will be our first real “hot” race, where resistance is put to the test, as well as car and tyres”, the driver of Minardi Management, Davide Rigon, concludes.